HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language. Most commonly say HTML.
It is a coding language. A markup method is used widely to create web pages. It is not only a language; it’s a technology also to create mobile based applications and web applications. You can say HTML is a back bone of every web page.
HTML the beginning……..
In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee, working at the European particle physics institute known as CERN (Centre European pour la Recherche Nucleaire), proposed a system to allow scientists to share papers with other using electronic networking methods. His idea is known as WWW (World Wide Web) today. Since these documents were to be shared, some common method coding them needed to be developed. Tim Berners-Lee suggested that it be based on the already existing SGML. (Standard Generalized Markup Language) which is a complex, technical specification describing markup languages, especially those used in electronic document exchange, document management, and document publishing. HTML was originally created to allow those who were not specialized in SGML to publish and exchange scientific and other technical documents. HTML especially facilitated this exchange by incorporating the ability to link documents electronically using hyperlinks. Thus the name Hypertext Markup Language.
In 1992, when there were all of 50 web servers in the world, CERN released the portable Web browser as freeware. Marc Andreesen, who was working at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, created a browser called Mosaic which was released in 1993. Shortly after that, he left NCSA to found Netscape. The first version of the Netscape browser implemented HTML 1.0.
HTML from version 1.0 to 5.0
In 1991, HTML 1.0 jumped in the IT world as a hybrid version of SGML that also have “href” tag and widely accepted text markup language with the ability to link documents.
In 1994, HTML 2.0 becomes the first official set of standards for HTML – the base standard by which all browsers were measured until HTML 3.2. HTML 2.0 was used as a benchmark during the Web explosion. Other browsers released in 1993 included Cello, Arena, Lynx, WWW and Mosaic.
In 1996, HTML now supports tables allowing for improved control over the presentation of tabular information. HTML also supports “Client-Side Image Maps,” document elements that allows clicking different areas of an image to reference different network resources, as specified by Uniform Identifier (URIs). he first CSS specification becomes an official W3C Recommendation and although completed, it was more than 3 years before any web browser achieved near-full implementation of the specification.
In 1997, After heated arguments from researchers who felt that text attributes, like background color and texture, font size and font face, were moving HTML away from its roots as a way to organize, not decorate, documents for sharing; and amidst the browsers wars between IE and Netscape, HTML 3.2 (code name WILBUR) is approved. The concessions made to gain approval included the Internet Explorer camp and Netscape camps agreeing to kill their proprietary and attributes, responsible for that eye-catching, flickering text we knew and hated. his was the time of widespread over-use of frames in web pages, one of the worst Internet missteps, second only to auto-playing midi files.
In 1998, Cougar is the code name for what becomes HTML 4.0, published as a recommendation in late 1997 and finally approved as HTML 4.01. This version includes Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), an easier way to control presentational elements, like colors, fonts, and backgrounds.
In 2000, HTML and XML join forces to become XHTML, picking up the rigid code structure of XML to enforce cleaner code, but requires code rewrites as it isn’t backwards compatible. though XML is the standard, most browsers forgive this and still allow sloppy code, uppercase code and improperly closed tags, to render making it difficult to attain wide adoption of stricter XML code.
In 2002, many became critical of messy coding practices and the idea of tableless design began to growths term “tableless design” implies the use of CSS rather than layout tables to position HTML elements on the page. HTML tables still have their legitimate place when presenting out tabular information within web pages. This was also the time new ideas for sharing and exchanging content ad hoc, such as Weblogs and RSS, gained adoption quickly and was named “Web 2.0”
In 2005, Ajax, a technique that dates back to IE 4’s iFrame, makes it quicker for web pages to request and update dynamic page content to respond like desktop applications as seen in cloud applications like Rackspace Email and Gmail, as well as social media sites, like Digg, Facebook, and Twitter; and online Content Management Systems (CMS), like WordPress. Ajax was the name used by Adaptive Path in 2005 as an easier way to talk to clients about Asynchronous JavaScript+CSS+DOM+XMLHttp Request
In 2008, Unhappy with the lack of focus on rich web applications in XHTML, the Web Hypertext Application Technology (WHAT) Work Group forms in 2004 with members of Apple, Mozilla, and Opera and publishes the first HTML5 draft four years later. By 2009, the XHTML development team disassembles to join the HTML5 camp. HTML5 isn’t slated to become a standard until at least 2022, but Firefox and IE9 are already supporting some of its features. As with most new versions of HTML, its dominance will only be as strong as its developer and browser support.
HTML – A Markup Language….
Html is a markup language it consist several component elements tags and their attributes, char-based data character references and entity references. HTML tags are commonly used in pare like and although some of tags are empty pair like the first tag is called the beginning tag and the second is called the end tag.